Stomach Cancer

What is stomach cancer?

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is cancer that starts in any part of the stomach. The stomach is just one of many organs located in the abdomen, the area of the body between the chest and the pelvis. Among other organs found in the abdomen are the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and colon. It is important to differentiate among these organs, because cancers and other diseases that affect them present different symptoms and are treated differently.

The American Cancer Society estimates that 28,000 Americans will be newly diagnosed with stomach cancer during 2017, and 10,960 deaths are expected.

Symptoms of stomach cancer

The following are the most common symptoms of stomach cancer. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

  • indigestion or heartburn (burning sensation)
  • discomfort or pain in the abdomen
  • nausea and vomiting
  • diarrhea or constipation
  • bloating after meals
  • loss of appetite
  • unexplained weight loss
  • weakness and fatigue
  • vomiting blood or blood in the stool

The symptoms of stomach cancer may resemble other medical conditions or problems. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.

What are the risk factors for stomach cancer?

The following are suggested as risk factors for stomach cancer:

  • Helicobacter pylori infection
  • diet that includes large amounts of smoked foods, salted fish and meat, foods high in starch and low in fiber, pickled vegetables, and foods and beverages that contain nitrates and nitrites.
  • tobacco abuse
  • alcohol abuse
  • previous stomach surgery
  • megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia (caused by vitamin B12 deficiency)
  • Menetrier's disease
  • marked increase after age 45 (most patients are in their 60s, 70s, or 80s)
  • male gender (more men are diagnosed with the disease than women)
  • having blood type A
  • family history of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), or stomach cancer
  • history of stomach polyps
  • exposure to environmental factors such as dusts and fumes in the workplace